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National Repository of Grey Literature 2 records found  Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Constructing the continuity of rational and moral dimensions of value in expert institutions
 Hanzlík, Kryštof ; Čada, Karel (advisor) ; Numerato, Dino (referee)
In this theoretically focused thesis I make use of the example of vaccination against infectious diseases to show how expert institutions define value of its products through constructing a continuity of its rational and moral dimensions. This continuity allows rational and moral arguments to naturally complement themselves in a coherent discoursive and procedural frame which I call an institutional regime of the value of vaccination. Regarding general public, its crucial products are sanctions in the form of imputing decisional competence to those who vaccinate and decisional incompetence to those who do not. This competence is understood as both sign of optimal rationality and morally responsible behaviour which takes into account the common good. But besides external imputation, a decisional competence is also acquired through individual activity, which takes on a special importance for those who reject vaccination. They manage the imputations of incompetence through constituting alternative definitions of the value of health care in which they stress the importance of natural treatment and individual responsibility. These definitions of value manifest both on the level of narrowly focused rational discussion of expert recommendations and the level of more general ideas about legitimate ways to...
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Nicholas of Cusa and Discovery of Weighing
 Růžička, Jáchym ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Horák, Vít (referee)
The main goal of this paper is to enlight the failure of method of weighing discovered by Nicholas of Cusa using the perspective of the sociology of science. Based on Merton's theory of foci of interest as demonstrated on the case of Cusa's cosmology, is laid a claim, that there was a claim for the success of Kusansky's method of weighing. After the addition of Bourdieu's characteristics of scientific field and its theoretical limits we introduce two main possible science strategies: Succession and subversion. Subversion strategy is then applied on Cusa's method and therefore the paper concludes his low chances on success. Finally, with the help of Kuhn it is shown that strategy of subversion can only be successful if we redefine the basic principles of normal science and we compare this example to the case of the discovery of the weighing method, so we can point out what was Nicholas of Cusa missing on making his discovery more impactful and how could he raise his chances.
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